diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e5b171f4ae..2702189568 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
   - Enhance: Unicode 15.1 および 16.0 に収録されている絵文字に対応
   - Enhance: acctに `.` が入っているユーザーのメンションに対応
   - Fix: Unicode絵文字に隣接する異体字セレクタ（`U+FE0F`）が絵文字として認識される問題を修正
+- Enhance: ユーザー検索をロールポリシーで制限できるように
 
 ### Client
 - Feat: AiScriptが1.0に更新されました
diff --git a/locales/index.d.ts b/locales/index.d.ts
index b2906cf48e..028db4043f 100644
--- a/locales/index.d.ts
+++ b/locales/index.d.ts
@@ -4386,6 +4386,10 @@ export interface Locale extends ILocale {
      * ノート検索は利用できません。
      */
     "notesSearchNotAvailable": string;
+    /**
+     * ユーザー検索は利用できません。
+     */
+    "usersSearchNotAvailable": string;
     /**
      * ライセンス
      */
@@ -7799,6 +7803,10 @@ export interface Locale extends ILocale {
              * ノート検索の利用
              */
             "canSearchNotes": string;
+            /**
+             * ユーザー検索の利用
+             */
+            "canSearchUsers": string;
             /**
              * 翻訳機能の利用
              */
diff --git a/locales/ja-JP.yml b/locales/ja-JP.yml
index d45aa7bb86..7aa88f399d 100644
--- a/locales/ja-JP.yml
+++ b/locales/ja-JP.yml
@@ -1092,6 +1092,7 @@ prohibitedWordsDescription2: "スペースで区切るとAND指定になり、
 hiddenTags: "非表示ハッシュタグ"
 hiddenTagsDescription: "設定したタグをトレンドに表示させないようにします。改行で区切って複数設定できます。"
 notesSearchNotAvailable: "ノート検索は利用できません。"
+usersSearchNotAvailable: "ユーザー検索は利用できません。"
 license: "ライセンス"
 unfavoriteConfirm: "お気に入り解除しますか？"
 myClips: "自分のクリップ"
@@ -2020,6 +2021,7 @@ _role:
     descriptionOfRateLimitFactor: "小さいほど制限が緩和され、大きいほど制限が強化されます。"
     canHideAds: "広告の非表示"
     canSearchNotes: "ノート検索の利用"
+    canSearchUsers: "ユーザー検索の利用"
     canUseTranslator: "翻訳機能の利用"
     avatarDecorationLimit: "アイコンデコレーションの最大取付個数"
     canImportAntennas: "アンテナのインポートを許可"
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/RoleService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/RoleService.ts
index cddfc0094e..3df7ee69ee 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/RoleService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/RoleService.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ export type RolePolicies = {
 	canManageCustomEmojis: boolean;
 	canManageAvatarDecorations: boolean;
 	canSearchNotes: boolean;
+	canSearchUsers: boolean;
 	canUseTranslator: boolean;
 	canHideAds: boolean;
 	driveCapacityMb: number;
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_POLICIES: RolePolicies = {
 	canManageCustomEmojis: false,
 	canManageAvatarDecorations: false,
 	canSearchNotes: false,
+	canSearchUsers: true,
 	canUseTranslator: true,
 	canHideAds: false,
 	driveCapacityMb: 100,
@@ -402,6 +404,7 @@ export class RoleService implements OnApplicationShutdown, OnModuleInit {
 			canManageCustomEmojis: calc('canManageCustomEmojis', vs => vs.some(v => v === true)),
 			canManageAvatarDecorations: calc('canManageAvatarDecorations', vs => vs.some(v => v === true)),
 			canSearchNotes: calc('canSearchNotes', vs => vs.some(v => v === true)),
+			canSearchUsers: calc('canSearchUsers', vs => vs.some(v => v === true)),
 			canUseTranslator: calc('canUseTranslator', vs => vs.some(v => v === true)),
 			canHideAds: calc('canHideAds', vs => vs.some(v => v === true)),
 			driveCapacityMb: calc('driveCapacityMb', vs => Math.max(...vs)),
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/models/json-schema/role.ts b/packages/backend/src/models/json-schema/role.ts
index c9cdbd5d89..0b9234cb81 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/models/json-schema/role.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/models/json-schema/role.ts
@@ -212,6 +212,10 @@ export const packedRolePoliciesSchema = {
 			type: 'boolean',
 			optional: false, nullable: false,
 		},
+		canSearchUsers: {
+			type: 'boolean',
+			optional: false, nullable: false,
+		},
 		canUseTranslator: {
 			type: 'boolean',
 			optional: false, nullable: false,
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/users/search.ts b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/users/search.ts
index 5d36847e03..c422286152 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/users/search.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/server/api/endpoints/users/search.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ export const meta = {
 	tags: ['users'],
 
 	requireCredential: false,
+	requiredRolePolicy: 'canSearchUsers',
 
 	description: 'Search for users.',
 
diff --git a/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.editor.vue b/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.editor.vue
index c172e22688..bb96a1cde1 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.editor.vue
+++ b/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.editor.vue
@@ -346,6 +346,26 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
 				</div>
 			</MkFolder>
 
+			<MkFolder v-if="matchQuery([i18n.ts._role._options.canSearchUsers, 'canSearchUsers'])">
+				<template #label>{{ i18n.ts._role._options.canSearchUsers }}</template>
+				<template #suffix>
+					<span v-if="role.policies.canSearchUsers.useDefault" :class="$style.useDefaultLabel">{{ i18n.ts._role.useBaseValue }}</span>
+					<span v-else>{{ role.policies.canSearchUsers.value ? i18n.ts.yes : i18n.ts.no }}</span>
+					<span :class="$style.priorityIndicator"><i :class="getPriorityIcon(role.policies.canSearchUsers)"></i></span>
+				</template>
+				<div class="_gaps">
+					<MkSwitch v-model="role.policies.canSearchUsers.useDefault" :readonly="readonly">
+						<template #label>{{ i18n.ts._role.useBaseValue }}</template>
+					</MkSwitch>
+					<MkSwitch v-model="role.policies.canSearchUsers.value" :disabled="role.policies.canSearchUsers.useDefault" :readonly="readonly">
+						<template #label>{{ i18n.ts.enable }}</template>
+					</MkSwitch>
+					<MkRange v-model="role.policies.canSearchUsers.priority" :min="0" :max="2" :step="1" easing :textConverter="(v) => v === 0 ? i18n.ts._role._priority.low : v === 1 ? i18n.ts._role._priority.middle : v === 2 ? i18n.ts._role._priority.high : ''">
+						<template #label>{{ i18n.ts._role.priority }}</template>
+					</MkRange>
+				</div>
+			</MkFolder>
+
 			<MkFolder v-if="matchQuery([i18n.ts._role._options.canUseTranslator, 'canUseTranslator'])">
 				<template #label>{{ i18n.ts._role._options.canUseTranslator }}</template>
 				<template #suffix>
diff --git a/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.vue b/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.vue
index e78a4bbc11..efdf8620ef 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.vue
+++ b/packages/frontend/src/pages/admin/roles.vue
@@ -122,6 +122,14 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
 						</MkSwitch>
 					</MkFolder>
 
+					<MkFolder v-if="matchQuery([i18n.ts._role._options.canSearchUsers, 'canSearchUsers'])">
+						<template #label>{{ i18n.ts._role._options.canSearchUsers }}</template>
+						<template #suffix>{{ policies.canSearchUsers ? i18n.ts.yes : i18n.ts.no }}</template>
+						<MkSwitch v-model="policies.canSearchUsers">
+							<template #label>{{ i18n.ts.enable }}</template>
+						</MkSwitch>
+					</MkFolder>
+
 					<MkFolder v-if="matchQuery([i18n.ts._role._options.canUseTranslator, 'canUseTranslator'])">
 						<template #label>{{ i18n.ts._role._options.canUseTranslator }}</template>
 						<template #suffix>{{ policies.canUseTranslator ? i18n.ts.yes : i18n.ts.no }}</template>
diff --git a/packages/frontend/src/pages/search.vue b/packages/frontend/src/pages/search.vue
index b6d21a4616..8d2bf9eb42 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/src/pages/search.vue
+++ b/packages/frontend/src/pages/search.vue
@@ -15,16 +15,22 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
 	</div>
 
 	<div v-else-if="tab === 'user'" class="_spacer" style="--MI_SPACER-w: 800px;">
-		<XUser v-bind="props"/>
+		<div v-if="usersSearchAvailable">
+			<XUser v-bind="props"/>
+		</div>
+		<div v-else>
+			<MkInfo warn>{{ i18n.ts.usersSearchNotAvailable }}</MkInfo>
+		</div>
 	</div>
 </PageWithHeader>
 </template>
 
 <script lang="ts" setup>
 import { computed, defineAsyncComponent, ref, toRef } from 'vue';
+import { $i } from '@/i.js';
 import { i18n } from '@/i18n.js';
 import { definePage } from '@/page.js';
-import { notesSearchAvailable } from '@/utility/check-permissions.js';
+import { notesSearchAvailable, usersSearchAvailable } from '@/utility/check-permissions.js';
 import MkInfo from '@/components/MkInfo.vue';
 
 const props = withDefaults(defineProps<{
diff --git a/packages/frontend/src/utility/check-permissions.ts b/packages/frontend/src/utility/check-permissions.ts
index 2de8fd2cd1..4f55556e0a 100644
--- a/packages/frontend/src/utility/check-permissions.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/src/utility/check-permissions.ts
@@ -17,3 +17,11 @@ export const notesSearchAvailable = (
 export const canSearchNonLocalNotes = (
 	instance.noteSearchableScope === 'global'
 );
+
+export const usersSearchAvailable = (
+	// FIXME: instance.policies would be null in Vitest
+	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition
+	($i == null && instance.policies != null && instance.policies.canSearchUsers) ||
+	($i != null && $i.policies.canSearchUsers) ||
+	false
+);
diff --git a/packages/misskey-js/src/autogen/types.ts b/packages/misskey-js/src/autogen/types.ts
index f0efd63d3a..13c5dcf5f1 100644
--- a/packages/misskey-js/src/autogen/types.ts
+++ b/packages/misskey-js/src/autogen/types.ts
@@ -5211,6 +5211,7 @@ export type components = {
             canManageCustomEmojis: boolean;
             canManageAvatarDecorations: boolean;
             canSearchNotes: boolean;
+            canSearchUsers: boolean;
             canUseTranslator: boolean;
             canHideAds: boolean;
             driveCapacityMb: number;