From 3205eb6925136bb90ef2da04acaa330aabc81a65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: syuilo <4439005+syuilo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 12:14:51 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] lint

---
 packages/backend/src/core/QueueService.ts | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/packages/backend/src/core/QueueService.ts b/packages/backend/src/core/QueueService.ts
index 8ef235b238..f90ae80731 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/core/QueueService.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/core/QueueService.ts
@@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ export class QueueService {
 			},
 			db: {
 				version: db.redis_version,
-				mode: db.redis_mode,
+				mode: db.redis_mode as 'cluster' | 'standalone' | 'sentinel',
 				runId: db.run_id,
 				processId: db.process_id,
 				port: parseInt(db.tcp_port),

From 2b3d72bb73e00da9b748fcfe21f0dd598511d1dc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: syuilo <4439005+syuilo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 12:16:38 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 2/7] Update measure-memory.mjs (#17116)

---
 packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs | 44 ++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
index baa4198adf..4358bfee5b 100644
--- a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
+++ b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@ import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
 const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
 const __dirname = dirname(__filename);
 
+const SAMPLE_COUNT = 3; // Number of samples to measure
 const STARTUP_TIMEOUT = 120000; // 120 seconds timeout for server startup
 const MEMORY_SETTLE_TIME = 10000; // Wait 10 seconds after startup for memory to settle
 
 async function measureMemory() {
-	const startTime = Date.now();
-
 	// Start the Misskey backend server using fork to enable IPC
 	const serverProcess = fork(join(__dirname, '../built/boot/entry.js'), ['expose-gc'], {
 		cwd: join(__dirname, '..'),
@@ -107,12 +106,7 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 				vmSize: null,
 			};
 		} catch {
-			memoryInfo = {
-				rss: null,
-				heapUsed: null,
-				vmSize: null,
-				error: 'Could not measure memory',
-			};
+			throw new Error('Failed to get memory usage via ps command');
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -137,15 +131,45 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 
 	const result = {
 		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
-		startupTimeMs: startupTime,
 		memory: memoryInfo,
 	};
 
+	return result;
+}
+
+async function main() {
+	// 直列の方が時間的に分散されて正確そうだから直列でやる
+	const results = [];
+	for (let i = 0; i < SAMPLE_COUNT; i++) {
+		const res = await measureMemory();
+		results.push(res);
+	}
+
+	// Calculate averages
+	const avgMemory = {
+		rss: 0,
+		heapUsed: 0,
+		vmSize: 0,
+	};
+	for (const res of results) {
+		avgMemory.rss += res.memory.rss ?? 0;
+		avgMemory.heapUsed += res.memory.heapUsed ?? 0;
+		avgMemory.vmSize += res.memory.vmSize ?? 0;
+	}
+	avgMemory.rss = Math.round(avgMemory.rss / SAMPLE_COUNT);
+	avgMemory.heapUsed = Math.round(avgMemory.heapUsed / SAMPLE_COUNT);
+	avgMemory.vmSize = Math.round(avgMemory.vmSize / SAMPLE_COUNT);
+
+	const result = {
+		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+		memory: avgMemory,
+	};
+
 	// Output as JSON to stdout
 	console.log(JSON.stringify(result, null, 2));
 }
 
-measureMemory().catch((err) => {
+main().catch((err) => {
 	console.error(JSON.stringify({
 		error: err.message,
 		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),

From f744b5711f12a76a7be98bba41d6552737593a79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: syuilo <4439005+syuilo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 13:14:05 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 3/7] enhance(dev): improve mem report (#17117)

* wip

* Update report-backend-memory.yml
---
 .github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml | 69 ++++++++---------
 packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs | 82 ++++++++++-----------
 2 files changed, 70 insertions(+), 81 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
index c339ca49b4..47ec652cfd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
@@ -54,55 +54,50 @@ jobs:
           BASE_MEMORY=$(cat ./artifacts/memory-base.json)
           HEAD_MEMORY=$(cat ./artifacts/memory-head.json)
 
-          BASE_RSS=$(echo "$BASE_MEMORY" | jq -r '.memory.rss // 0')
-          HEAD_RSS=$(echo "$HEAD_MEMORY" | jq -r '.memory.rss // 0')
+          calc() {
+            BASE=$(echo "$BASE_MEMORY" | jq -r '.memory.'"$1"' // 0')
+            HEAD=$(echo "$HEAD_MEMORY" | jq -r '.memory.'"$1"' // 0')
 
-          # Calculate difference
-          if [ "$BASE_RSS" -gt 0 ] && [ "$HEAD_RSS" -gt 0 ]; then
-            DIFF=$((HEAD_RSS - BASE_RSS))
-            DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "scale=2; ($DIFF * 100) / $BASE_RSS" | bc)
-
-            # Convert to MB for readability
-            BASE_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $BASE_RSS / 1048576" | bc)
-            HEAD_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $HEAD_RSS / 1048576" | bc)
-            DIFF_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $DIFF / 1048576" | bc)
-
-            echo "base_mb=$BASE_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "head_mb=$HEAD_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "diff_mb=$DIFF_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "diff_percent=$DIFF_PERCENT" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "has_data=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-
-            # Determine if this is a significant change (more than 5% increase)
-            if [ "$(echo "$DIFF_PERCENT > 5" | bc)" -eq 1 ]; then
-              echo "significant_increase=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            DIFF=$((HEAD - BASE))
+            if [ "$BASE" -gt 0 ]; then
+              DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "scale=2; ($DIFF * 100) / $BASE" | bc)
             else
-              echo "significant_increase=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+              DIFF_PERCENT=0
             fi
-          else
-            echo "has_data=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-          fi
+
+            # Convert KB to MB for readability
+            BASE_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $BASE / 1024" | bc)
+            HEAD_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $HEAD / 1024" | bc)
+            DIFF_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $DIFF / 1024" | bc)
+
+            echo "$1-base=$BASE_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "$1-head=$HEAD_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "$1-diff=$DIFF_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "$1-diff_percent=$DIFF_PERCENT" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          }
+
+          calc VmRSS
+          calc VmHWM
+          calc VmSize
       - id: build-comment
         name: Build memory comment
         run: |
-          HEADER="## Backend Memory Usage Comparison"
+          HEADER="## Backend memory usage comparison"
           FOOTER="[See workflow logs for details](https://github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
 
           echo "$HEADER" > ./output.md
           echo >> ./output.md
 
-          if [ "${{ steps.compare.outputs.has_data }}" == "true" ]; then
-            echo "| Metric | base | head | Diff |" >> ./output.md
-            echo "|--------|------|------|------|" >> ./output.md
-            echo "| RSS | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.base_mb }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.head_mb }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.diff_mb }} MB (${{ steps.compare.outputs.diff_percent }}%) |" >> ./output.md
-            echo >> ./output.md
+          echo "| Metric | base | head | Diff |" >> ./output.md
+          echo "|--------|------|------|------|" >> ./output.md
+          echo "| RSS | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-base }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-head }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-diff }} MB (${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-diff_percent }}%) |" >> ./output.md
+          echo "| HWM | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-base }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-head }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-diff }} MB (${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-diff_percent }}%) |" >> ./output.md
+          echo "| VMS | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-base }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-head }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-diff }} MB (${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-diff_percent }}%) |" >> ./output.md
+          echo >> ./output.md
 
-            if [ "${{ steps.compare.outputs.significant_increase }}" == "true" ]; then
-              echo "⚠️ **Warning**: Memory usage has increased by more than 5%. Please verify this is not an unintended change." >> ./output.md
-              echo >> ./output.md
-            fi
-          else
-            echo "Could not retrieve memory usage data." >> ./output.md
+          # Determine if this is a significant change (more than 5% increase)
+          if [ "$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-diff_percent }} > 5" | bc)" -eq 1 ]; then
+            echo "⚠️ **Warning**: Memory usage has increased by more than 5%. Please verify this is not an unintended change." >> ./output.md
             echo >> ./output.md
           fi
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
index 4358bfee5b..82a5a0bf0b 100644
--- a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
+++ b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { fork } from 'node:child_process';
 import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
+import * as fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 
 const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
 const __dirname = dirname(__filename);
@@ -22,6 +23,35 @@ const SAMPLE_COUNT = 3; // Number of samples to measure
 const STARTUP_TIMEOUT = 120000; // 120 seconds timeout for server startup
 const MEMORY_SETTLE_TIME = 10000; // Wait 10 seconds after startup for memory to settle
 
+const keys = {
+	VmPeak: 0,
+	VmSize: 0,
+	VmHWM: 0,
+	VmRSS: 0,
+	VmData: 0,
+	VmStk: 0,
+	VmExe: 0,
+	VmLib: 0,
+	VmPTE: 0,
+	VmSwap: 0,
+};
+
+async function getMemoryUsage(pid) {
+	const status = await fs.readFile(`/proc/${pid}/status`, 'utf-8');
+
+	const result = {};
+	for (const key of Object.keys(keys)) {
+		const match = status.match(new RegExp(`${key}:\\s+(\\d+)\\s+kB`));
+		if (match) {
+			result[key] = parseInt(match[1], 10);
+		} else {
+			throw new Error(`Failed to parse ${key} from /proc/${pid}/status`);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
 async function measureMemory() {
 	// Start the Misskey backend server using fork to enable IPC
 	const serverProcess = fork(join(__dirname, '../built/boot/entry.js'), ['expose-gc'], {
@@ -76,39 +106,7 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 
 	// Get memory usage from the server process via /proc
 	const pid = serverProcess.pid;
-	let memoryInfo;
-
-	try {
-		const fs = await import('node:fs/promises');
-
-		// Read /proc/[pid]/status for detailed memory info
-		const status = await fs.readFile(`/proc/${pid}/status`, 'utf-8');
-		const vmRssMatch = status.match(/VmRSS:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/);
-		const vmDataMatch = status.match(/VmData:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/);
-		const vmSizeMatch = status.match(/VmSize:\s+(\d+)\s+kB/);
-
-		memoryInfo = {
-			rss: vmRssMatch ? parseInt(vmRssMatch[1], 10) * 1024 : null,
-			heapUsed: vmDataMatch ? parseInt(vmDataMatch[1], 10) * 1024 : null,
-			vmSize: vmSizeMatch ? parseInt(vmSizeMatch[1], 10) * 1024 : null,
-		};
-	} catch (err) {
-		// Fallback: use ps command
-		process.stderr.write(`Warning: Could not read /proc/${pid}/status: ${err}\n`);
-
-		const { execSync } = await import('node:child_process');
-		try {
-			const ps = execSync(`ps -o rss= -p ${pid}`, { encoding: 'utf-8' });
-			const rssKb = parseInt(ps.trim(), 10);
-			memoryInfo = {
-				rss: rssKb * 1024,
-				heapUsed: null,
-				vmSize: null,
-			};
-		} catch {
-			throw new Error('Failed to get memory usage via ps command');
-		}
-	}
+	const memoryInfo = await getMemoryUsage(pid);
 
 	// Stop the server
 	serverProcess.kill('SIGTERM');
@@ -146,19 +144,15 @@ async function main() {
 	}
 
 	// Calculate averages
-	const avgMemory = {
-		rss: 0,
-		heapUsed: 0,
-		vmSize: 0,
-	};
+	const avgMemory = structuredClone(keys);
 	for (const res of results) {
-		avgMemory.rss += res.memory.rss ?? 0;
-		avgMemory.heapUsed += res.memory.heapUsed ?? 0;
-		avgMemory.vmSize += res.memory.vmSize ?? 0;
+		for (const key of Object.keys(avgMemory)) {
+			avgMemory[key] += res.memory[key];
+		}
+	}
+	for (const key of Object.keys(avgMemory)) {
+		avgMemory[key] = Math.round(avgMemory[key] / SAMPLE_COUNT);
 	}
-	avgMemory.rss = Math.round(avgMemory.rss / SAMPLE_COUNT);
-	avgMemory.heapUsed = Math.round(avgMemory.heapUsed / SAMPLE_COUNT);
-	avgMemory.vmSize = Math.round(avgMemory.vmSize / SAMPLE_COUNT);
 
 	const result = {
 		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),

From 2fa6ecc7efaaf9b9d189cdd3a3ebbb9171c86078 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: syuilo <4439005+syuilo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 14:32:57 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 4/7] enhance(dev): improve mem report (#17118)

* wip

* wip

* Update report-backend-memory.yml

* Update report-backend-memory.yml

* Update .github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
---
 .github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml | 87 +++++++++++++++------
 packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs | 37 ++++++---
 packages/backend/src/boot/entry.ts          | 14 +++-
 packages/backend/src/env.ts                 |  1 -
 4 files changed, 99 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
index 47ec652cfd..451a8cf9e6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
@@ -54,31 +54,48 @@ jobs:
           BASE_MEMORY=$(cat ./artifacts/memory-base.json)
           HEAD_MEMORY=$(cat ./artifacts/memory-head.json)
 
-          calc() {
-            BASE=$(echo "$BASE_MEMORY" | jq -r '.memory.'"$1"' // 0')
-            HEAD=$(echo "$HEAD_MEMORY" | jq -r '.memory.'"$1"' // 0')
+          variation() {
+            calc() {
+              BASE=$(echo "$BASE_MEMORY" | jq -r ".${1}.${2} // 0")
+              HEAD=$(echo "$HEAD_MEMORY" | jq -r ".${1}.${2} // 0")
 
-            DIFF=$((HEAD - BASE))
-            if [ "$BASE" -gt 0 ]; then
-              DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "scale=2; ($DIFF * 100) / $BASE" | bc)
-            else
-              DIFF_PERCENT=0
-            fi
+              DIFF=$((HEAD - BASE))
+              if [ "$BASE" -gt 0 ]; then
+                DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "scale=2; ($DIFF * 100) / $BASE" | bc)
+              else
+                DIFF_PERCENT=0
+              fi
 
-            # Convert KB to MB for readability
-            BASE_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $BASE / 1024" | bc)
-            HEAD_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $HEAD / 1024" | bc)
-            DIFF_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $DIFF / 1024" | bc)
+              # Convert KB to MB for readability
+              BASE_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $BASE / 1024" | bc)
+              HEAD_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $HEAD / 1024" | bc)
+              DIFF_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $DIFF / 1024" | bc)
 
-            echo "$1-base=$BASE_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "$1-head=$HEAD_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "$1-diff=$DIFF_MB" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-            echo "$1-diff_percent=$DIFF_PERCENT" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+              JSON=$(jq -c -n \
+                --arg base "$BASE_MB" \
+                --arg head "$HEAD_MB" \
+                --arg diff "$DIFF_MB" \
+                --arg diff_percent "$DIFF_PERCENT" \
+                '{base: $base, head: $head, diff: $diff, diff_percent: $diff_percent}')
+
+              echo "$JSON"
+            }
+
+            JSON=$(jq -c -n \
+              --argjson VmRSS "$(calc $1 VmRSS)" \
+              --argjson VmHWM "$(calc $1 VmHWM)" \
+              --argjson VmSize "$(calc $1 VmSize)" \
+              '{VmRSS: $VmRSS, VmHWM: $VmHWM, VmSize: $VmSize}')
+
+            echo "$JSON"
           }
 
-          calc VmRSS
-          calc VmHWM
-          calc VmSize
+          JSON=$(jq -c -n \
+            --argjson beforeGc "$(variation beforeGc)" \
+            --argjson afterGc "$(variation afterGc)" \
+            '{beforeGc: $beforeGc, afterGc: $afterGc}')
+
+          echo "res=$JSON" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - id: build-comment
         name: Build memory comment
         run: |
@@ -88,15 +105,33 @@ jobs:
           echo "$HEADER" > ./output.md
           echo >> ./output.md
 
-          echo "| Metric | base | head | Diff |" >> ./output.md
-          echo "|--------|------|------|------|" >> ./output.md
-          echo "| RSS | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-base }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-head }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-diff }} MB (${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-diff_percent }}%) |" >> ./output.md
-          echo "| HWM | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-base }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-head }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-diff }} MB (${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmHWM-diff_percent }}%) |" >> ./output.md
-          echo "| VMS | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-base }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-head }} MB | ${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-diff }} MB (${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmSize-diff_percent }}%) |" >> ./output.md
+          table() {
+            line() {
+              BASE=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.base")
+              HEAD=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.head")
+              DIFF=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff")
+              DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff_percent")
+
+              echo "| ${2} | ${BASE} MB | ${HEAD} MB | ${DIFF} MB (${DIFF_PERCENT}%) |" >> ./output.md
+            }
+
+            echo "| Metric | base | head | Diff |" >> ./output.md
+            echo "|--------|------|------|------|" >> ./output.md
+            line $1 VmRSS
+            line $1 VmHWM
+            line $1 VmSize
+          }
+
+          echo "### Before GC" >> ./output.md
+          table beforeGc
+          echo >> ./output.md
+
+          echo "### After GC" >> ./output.md
+          table afterGc
           echo >> ./output.md
 
           # Determine if this is a significant change (more than 5% increase)
-          if [ "$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.VmRSS-diff_percent }} > 5" | bc)" -eq 1 ]; then
+          if [ "$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r '.afterGc.VmRSS.diff_percent | tonumber > 5')" = "true" ]; then
             echo "⚠️ **Warning**: Memory usage has increased by more than 5%. Please verify this is not an unintended change." >> ./output.md
             echo >> ./output.md
           fi
diff --git a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
index 82a5a0bf0b..749f550bcc 100644
--- a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
+++ b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 			...process.env,
 			NODE_ENV: 'production',
 			MK_DISABLE_CLUSTERING: '1',
-			MK_FORCE_GC: '1',
 		},
 		stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', 'pipe', 'ipc'],
+		execArgv: [...process.execArgv, '--expose-gc'],
 	});
 
 	let serverReady = false;
@@ -104,9 +104,21 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 	// Wait for memory to settle
 	await setTimeout(MEMORY_SETTLE_TIME);
 
-	// Get memory usage from the server process via /proc
 	const pid = serverProcess.pid;
-	const memoryInfo = await getMemoryUsage(pid);
+
+	const beforeGc = await getMemoryUsage(pid);
+
+	serverProcess.send('gc');
+
+	await new Promise((resolve) => {
+		serverProcess.once('message', (message) => {
+			if (message === 'gc ok') resolve();
+		});
+	});
+
+	await setTimeout(1000);
+
+	const afterGc = await getMemoryUsage(pid);
 
 	// Stop the server
 	serverProcess.kill('SIGTERM');
@@ -129,7 +141,8 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 
 	const result = {
 		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
-		memory: memoryInfo,
+		beforeGc,
+		afterGc,
 	};
 
 	return result;
@@ -144,19 +157,23 @@ async function main() {
 	}
 
 	// Calculate averages
-	const avgMemory = structuredClone(keys);
+	const beforeGc = structuredClone(keys);
+	const afterGc = structuredClone(keys);
 	for (const res of results) {
-		for (const key of Object.keys(avgMemory)) {
-			avgMemory[key] += res.memory[key];
+		for (const key of Object.keys(keys)) {
+			beforeGc[key] += res.beforeGc[key];
+			afterGc[key] += res.afterGc[key];
 		}
 	}
-	for (const key of Object.keys(avgMemory)) {
-		avgMemory[key] = Math.round(avgMemory[key] / SAMPLE_COUNT);
+	for (const key of Object.keys(keys)) {
+		beforeGc[key] = Math.round(beforeGc[key] / SAMPLE_COUNT);
+		afterGc[key] = Math.round(afterGc[key] / SAMPLE_COUNT);
 	}
 
 	const result = {
 		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
-		memory: avgMemory,
+		beforeGc,
+		afterGc,
 	};
 
 	// Output as JSON to stdout
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/boot/entry.ts b/packages/backend/src/boot/entry.ts
index 56b339b6aa..3a33d198a5 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/boot/entry.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/boot/entry.ts
@@ -86,9 +86,17 @@ if (!envOption.disableClustering) {
 	ev.mount();
 }
 
-if (envOption.forceGc && global.gc != null) {
-	global.gc();
-}
+process.on('message', msg => {
+	if (msg === 'gc') {
+		if (global.gc != null) {
+			logger.info('Manual GC triggered');
+			global.gc();
+			if (process.send != null) process.send('gc ok');
+		} else {
+			logger.warn('Manual GC requested but gc is not available. Start the process with --expose-gc to enable this feature.');
+		}
+	}
+});
 
 readyRef.value = true;
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/src/env.ts b/packages/backend/src/env.ts
index 9957938467..ba44cfa2e6 100644
--- a/packages/backend/src/env.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/src/env.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ const envOption = {
 	verbose: false,
 	withLogTime: false,
 	quiet: false,
-	forceGc: false,
 };
 
 for (const key of Object.keys(envOption) as (keyof typeof envOption)[]) {

From b6e737dc7635b5f1b7c97c5aca8771f6e73561cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: syuilo <4439005+syuilo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 14:47:05 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 5/7] Update report-backend-memory.yml

---
 .github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
index 451a8cf9e6..a668bb27a1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
@@ -72,10 +72,10 @@ jobs:
               DIFF_MB=$(echo "scale=2; $DIFF / 1024" | bc)
 
               JSON=$(jq -c -n \
-                --arg base "$BASE_MB" \
-                --arg head "$HEAD_MB" \
-                --arg diff "$DIFF_MB" \
-                --arg diff_percent "$DIFF_PERCENT" \
+                --argjson base "$BASE_MB" \
+                --argjson head "$HEAD_MB" \
+                --argjson diff "$DIFF_MB" \
+                --argjson diff_percent "$DIFF_PERCENT" \
                 '{base: $base, head: $head, diff: $diff, diff_percent: $diff_percent}')
 
               echo "$JSON"

From 1adcb03b93823886007f7f0ad09cbb517b90679b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: syuilo <4439005+syuilo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 15:01:38 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 6/7] Update report-backend-memory.yml

---
 .github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml | 12 +++++++-----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
index a668bb27a1..30918f44db 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ jobs:
           echo "res=$JSON" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - id: build-comment
         name: Build memory comment
+        env:
+          RES: ${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}
         run: |
           HEADER="## Backend memory usage comparison"
           FOOTER="[See workflow logs for details](https://github.com/${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}/actions/runs/${GITHUB_RUN_ID})"
@@ -107,10 +109,10 @@ jobs:
 
           table() {
             line() {
-              BASE=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.base")
-              HEAD=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.head")
-              DIFF=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff")
-              DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff_percent")
+              BASE=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.base")
+              HEAD=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.head")
+              DIFF=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff")
+              DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff_percent")
 
               echo "| ${2} | ${BASE} MB | ${HEAD} MB | ${DIFF} MB (${DIFF_PERCENT}%) |" >> ./output.md
             }
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
           echo >> ./output.md
 
           # Determine if this is a significant change (more than 5% increase)
-          if [ "$(echo "${{ steps.compare.outputs.res }}" | jq -r '.afterGc.VmRSS.diff_percent | tonumber > 5')" = "true" ]; then
+          if [ "$(echo "$RES" | jq -r '.afterGc.VmRSS.diff_percent | tonumber > 5')" = "true" ]; then
             echo "⚠️ **Warning**: Memory usage has increased by more than 5%. Please verify this is not an unintended change." >> ./output.md
             echo >> ./output.md
           fi

From a168e7b6486013d05ba836d9a1d084a7708c19fb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: syuilo <4439005+syuilo@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 18:53:53 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 7/7] enhance(dev): Improve mem report (#17119)

* wip

* Update report-backend-memory.yml

* Update report-backend-memory.yml

* Update measure-memory.mjs

* Update report-backend-memory.yml
---
 .github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml | 33 ++++++++++--
 packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs | 60 +++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
index 30918f44db..bf2e311c83 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/report-backend-memory.yml
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ jobs:
               --argjson VmRSS "$(calc $1 VmRSS)" \
               --argjson VmHWM "$(calc $1 VmHWM)" \
               --argjson VmSize "$(calc $1 VmSize)" \
-              '{VmRSS: $VmRSS, VmHWM: $VmHWM, VmSize: $VmSize}')
+              --argjson VmData "$(calc $1 VmData)" \
+              '{VmRSS: $VmRSS, VmHWM: $VmHWM, VmSize: $VmSize, VmData: $VmData}')
 
             echo "$JSON"
           }
@@ -93,7 +94,8 @@ jobs:
           JSON=$(jq -c -n \
             --argjson beforeGc "$(variation beforeGc)" \
             --argjson afterGc "$(variation afterGc)" \
-            '{beforeGc: $beforeGc, afterGc: $afterGc}')
+            --argjson afterRequest "$(variation afterRequest)" \
+            '{beforeGc: $beforeGc, afterGc: $afterGc, afterRequest: $afterRequest}')
 
           echo "res=$JSON" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
       - id: build-comment
@@ -108,20 +110,37 @@ jobs:
           echo >> ./output.md
 
           table() {
+            echo "| Metric | base (MB) | head (MB) | Diff (MB) | Diff (%) |" >> ./output.md
+            echo "|--------|------:|------:|------:|------:|" >> ./output.md
+
             line() {
+              METRIC=$2
               BASE=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.base")
               HEAD=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.head")
               DIFF=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff")
               DIFF_PERCENT=$(echo "$RES" | jq -r ".${1}.${2}.diff_percent")
 
-              echo "| ${2} | ${BASE} MB | ${HEAD} MB | ${DIFF} MB (${DIFF_PERCENT}%) |" >> ./output.md
+              if (( $(echo "$DIFF_PERCENT > 0" | bc -l) )); then
+                DIFF="+$DIFF"
+                DIFF_PERCENT="+$DIFF_PERCENT"
+              fi
+
+              # highlight VmRSS
+              if [ "$2" = "VmRSS" ]; then
+                METRIC="**${METRIC}**"
+                BASE="**${BASE}**"
+                HEAD="**${HEAD}**"
+                DIFF="**${DIFF}**"
+                DIFF_PERCENT="**${DIFF_PERCENT}**"
+              fi
+
+              echo "| ${METRIC} | ${BASE} MB | ${HEAD} MB | ${DIFF} MB | ${DIFF_PERCENT}% |" >> ./output.md
             }
 
-            echo "| Metric | base | head | Diff |" >> ./output.md
-            echo "|--------|------|------|------|" >> ./output.md
             line $1 VmRSS
             line $1 VmHWM
             line $1 VmSize
+            line $1 VmData
           }
 
           echo "### Before GC" >> ./output.md
@@ -132,6 +151,10 @@ jobs:
           table afterGc
           echo >> ./output.md
 
+          echo "### After Request" >> ./output.md
+          table afterRequest
+          echo >> ./output.md
+
           # Determine if this is a significant change (more than 5% increase)
           if [ "$(echo "$RES" | jq -r '.afterGc.VmRSS.diff_percent | tonumber > 5')" = "true" ]; then
             echo "⚠️ **Warning**: Memory usage has increased by more than 5%. Please verify this is not an unintended change." >> ./output.md
diff --git a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
index 749f550bcc..3f30e24fb4 100644
--- a/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
+++ b/packages/backend/scripts/measure-memory.mjs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { fork } from 'node:child_process';
 import { setTimeout } from 'node:timers/promises';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
+import * as http from 'node:http';
 import * as fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 
 const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
@@ -88,6 +89,40 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 		process.stderr.write(`[server error] ${err}\n`);
 	});
 
+	async function triggerGc() {
+		const ok = new Promise((resolve) => {
+			serverProcess.once('message', (message) => {
+				if (message === 'gc ok') resolve();
+			});
+		});
+
+		serverProcess.send('gc');
+
+		await ok;
+
+		await setTimeout(1000);
+	}
+
+	function createRequest() {
+		return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+			const req = http.request({
+				host: 'localhost',
+				port: 61812,
+				path: '/api/meta',
+				method: 'POST',
+			}, (res) => {
+				res.on('data', () => { });
+				res.on('end', () => {
+					resolve();
+				});
+			});
+			req.on('error', (err) => {
+				reject(err);
+			});
+			req.end();
+		});
+	}
+
 	// Wait for server to be ready or timeout
 	const startupStartTime = Date.now();
 	while (!serverReady) {
@@ -108,18 +143,20 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 
 	const beforeGc = await getMemoryUsage(pid);
 
-	serverProcess.send('gc');
-
-	await new Promise((resolve) => {
-		serverProcess.once('message', (message) => {
-			if (message === 'gc ok') resolve();
-		});
-	});
-
-	await setTimeout(1000);
+	await triggerGc();
 
 	const afterGc = await getMemoryUsage(pid);
 
+	// create some http requests to simulate load
+	const REQUEST_COUNT = 10;
+	await Promise.all(
+		Array.from({ length: REQUEST_COUNT }).map(() => createRequest()),
+	);
+
+	await triggerGc();
+
+	const afterRequest = await getMemoryUsage(pid);
+
 	// Stop the server
 	serverProcess.kill('SIGTERM');
 
@@ -143,6 +180,7 @@ async function measureMemory() {
 		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
 		beforeGc,
 		afterGc,
+		afterRequest,
 	};
 
 	return result;
@@ -159,21 +197,25 @@ async function main() {
 	// Calculate averages
 	const beforeGc = structuredClone(keys);
 	const afterGc = structuredClone(keys);
+	const afterRequest = structuredClone(keys);
 	for (const res of results) {
 		for (const key of Object.keys(keys)) {
 			beforeGc[key] += res.beforeGc[key];
 			afterGc[key] += res.afterGc[key];
+			afterRequest[key] += res.afterRequest[key];
 		}
 	}
 	for (const key of Object.keys(keys)) {
 		beforeGc[key] = Math.round(beforeGc[key] / SAMPLE_COUNT);
 		afterGc[key] = Math.round(afterGc[key] / SAMPLE_COUNT);
+		afterRequest[key] = Math.round(afterRequest[key] / SAMPLE_COUNT);
 	}
 
 	const result = {
 		timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
 		beforeGc,
 		afterGc,
+		afterRequest,
 	};
 
 	// Output as JSON to stdout